AVES POLYOMAVIRUS 1 IN ARA CHLOROPTERA AND ECLECTUS RORATUS WITH DISCLOSURE OF FULL GENOMIC SEQUENCES

Abstract Aves polyomavirus 1 (APyV) is the causative agent of acute disease in birds and causes high mortality rates in nestlings. Infections have been reported worldwide in a significant number of caged bird species, such as parrots, caiques, budgerigars, lovebirds, and macaws. However, the number of complete viral sequences available in public databases is scarce, especially those with associated clinical histories. In this study, the clinical, pathological, epidemiological, and molecular characteristics of 2 APyV strains detected in Portugal are described. In the autumn of 2015, a 2-month-old female green-winged macaw ( Ara chloroptera ) from a small breeder died with signs of dehydration, weight loss, and depression, raising the suspicion of polyomavirus infection. Histopathological analysis revealed lesions compatible with APyV infection, and the presence of polyomavirus in several organs was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. From the cohabitants tested ( n = 14), 1 eclectus parrot ( Eclectus roratus ), which was more than 1-year-old, was also APyV DNA-positive. The full genomic sequences of the 2 strains were obtained and found identical, suggesting a single introduction in the premises and the occurrence of subsequent infections by the same virus. When compared with sequences of other APyVs available in public databases, high nucleotide similarity percentages were obtained, confirming the close genetic relationship among polyomaviruses worldwide. Interestingly, strain APV7, detected in a white-bellied parrot in 2008 in Japan, was the closest strain to those isolated in this report. Attempts to isolate the virus in eggs and cell lines failed. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by the Bayesian method to determine the phylogenetic classification of the macaw and parrot strains. Both clustered into group V, together with other strains from different bird species with no host or spatial-temporal relationships being observed.