Synthesis of porous activated carbon powder formation from fruit peel and cow dung waste for modified electrode fabrication and application

Abstract Porous activated carbon (PAC) powder is prepared from solid bio-wastes such as jack fruit peel waste (AP) and cow dung samples (CD). The activation process is carried out by phosphoric acid treatment followed by calcination at different temperature condition. XRD pattern confirms the amorphous phase formation with graphitic nature for different precursor utilization. BET Surface area measurement are showing higher surface area values for both AP and CD precursor route derived carbon samples. FE-SEM analysis shows the uniform and hierarchical porous network formation and aggregated particle with tiny nanotube and spherical carbon nanoparticle morphology obtained in TEM analysis. X-ray analysis confirms the formation of graphitic carbon and porous morphology for sample activated at increased calcination temperature. TEM images of JF carbon samples are shows spherical nanoball and nanotube morphology. The elemental composition of as prepared carbon samples is determined by SEM-EDX and confirms the formation major carbon content existence. The electrochemical property is analyzed by various electrochemical tools and it shows stable activity for super capacitor application. Nickel foil based modified electrode was fabricated using as prepared activated porous carbon material. The Cs (specific capacitance) of the carbon sample activated at high temperature (900 °C) shows 324 and 347 F/g AP-9 and CD-9 samples. The comparative surface property characterization and detailed electrochemical property was carried out between peel waste and cow dung derived porous activated carbon samples through cyclic voltammetry, Galvano static charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.