Maneuvers to Decrease Laparoscopy-Induced Shoulder and Upper Abdominal Pain

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the pulmonary recruitment maneuver (PRM) and intraperitoneal normal saline infusion (INSI) in removing postlaparoscopic carbon dioxide from the abdominal cavity to decrease laparoscopy-induced abdominal or shoulder pain after surgery. Design, Setting, and Patients: A prospective, ran