Light-Harvesting Two-Photon-Absorbing Polymers
2020
A series of atactic
polystyrene-based polymers was synthesized that contains grafted π-conjugated
organic and organometallic chromophores to investigate two-photon
light-harvesting properties. The polymers feature 4-(diphenylamino)fluorene
(DPAF) and Pt–DPAF as π-conjugated units which are known
to be moderately efficient two-photon absorption (2PA) chromophores.
The polymers were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation
transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 4-chloromethylstyrene, and following
substitution of Cl by N3, the DPAF and Pt–DPAF chromophores
were grafted onto the polymer via the copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne
click reaction. The loading of Pt–DPAF units in the polymers
was varied from 0 to 20% by varying the feed ratio in the click reactions.
With an increase in the Pt–DPAF content, the fluorescence quantum
yield from the DPAF singlet excited state decreases and fluorescence
is replaced by phosphorescence characteristic of the Pt–DPAF
units at 530 nm. The emission lifetime and ultrafast transient absorption
spectroscopy confirm that rapid and efficient singlet energy transfer
occurs from DPAF to DPAF–Pt. Excitation of the polymers with
100 fs, near-infrared pulses gives rise to upconverted emission, and
the observed emission spectra are similar to those under one-photon
excitation. The results indicate that the DPAF units effectively function
as 2-photon absorption light-harvesting units, transferring the excitation
to the Pt–DPAF units where intersystem crossing occurs efficiently.
Taken together, the results point the way to development of novel
polymer-based optical power-limiting materials for ultrashort and
long optical pulses.
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