Endoscopic Management of Vesical Fistulas

A fistula represents a communication between two cavitary organs. Urogenital fistulas define the abnormal communication between a urinary tract segment (urethra, urinary bladder, ureter) and the genital tract (vagina, cervix, uterus). The most frequent urogenital fistulas are vesicovaginal fistulas, the incidence of ureterovaginal fistulas being much lower. Endourology plays an important role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of urogenital fistulas. The possibility of direct visualization of the bladder wall defect allows the increase in the diagnostic accuracy and the reduction of the risk of postoperative morbidity.