Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Initially described in adults, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is well recognized in pediatrics. Pediatric ARDS (PARDS) possesses a distinct epidemiology from adult ARDS, including a lower mortality. The recent adoption of a pediatric-specific definition will assist with future studies of the pathophysiology, mechanism, treatment, and epidemiology of PARDS. As we await such studies, much of our understanding of pediatric ARDS pathogenesis and treatment is extrapolated from adult ARDS. No specific targeted treatments have been shown to be beneficial in adult ARDS or PARDS, and supportive care with lung-protective ventilation and fluid restriction remains the mainstay of treatment. Here, we review what is currently understood about PARDS and offer recommendations for initial treatment strategies.