Second malignancy versus recurrence after complete resection of thymoma

BackgroundPatients undergoing complete resection of thymoma occasionally develop a recurrence of thymoma; they are also at risk of developing a second malignancy. The objective of our study was to compare the incidence and mortality of a second malignancy versus a recurrence of thymoma during the postoperative follow-up period after complete resection of thymoma.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on our prospectively maintained database to identify patients undergoing complete resection of thymoma at our institution between 1991 and 2016. The incidence and related mortality of a second malignancy or recurrence of thymoma were recorded.ResultsOne hundred and sixty-four patients were identified. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 239 months (median 54 months). During follow-up, 12 patients had a recurrence of thymoma and 14 developed a second malignancy. The mean risk ratio of recurrence to second malignancy was 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.69) at 5 years, 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.49...