Effects of the CYP2D6 Gene Duplication on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tramadol

AbstractThe analgesic drug tramadol is bioactivated by CYP2D6 to the opioid receptor agonist O-desmethyltramadol. Case reports indicated that carriers of the CYP2D6 gene duplication may be at high risk for opioid adverse events. However, the effects of the CYP2D6 duplication on kinetics and dynamics