Development of Ergo-SMart Application for Early Detection of Ergonomic Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Disorder

Background : Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) comprised almost 60% of occupational diseases amongst both formal and informal workers. Ergonomic risk factors are the main predisposition for MSDs. Several tools have been developed and validated to ascertain ergonomic risk, however, most involved complicated calculations by trained officials. This project aims to develop an Android-based software that can help in calculating and stratifying the risk of MSDs. Hence, this app can facilitate early detection which can be conducted by the workers remotely. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop an Android application: Ergo-SMart, which can automatically calculate ergonomic risk factors and provide additional health education for improved ergonomic postures. Methods : This was an implementation research conducted in Central Java, Indonesia. There were several steps of the study: 1) situational analyses and literature search of validated measures for ergonomic risk factors, 2) development of Ergo-Smart software, 3) pilot testing of Ergo-Smart. The pilot was conducted in construction workers (n=40). Results : Based on our initial situational analyses and literature search, we identified several validated measures for ergonomic risk factors that were widely used by OHS officials: REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and OWAS ((Ovako Working Posture Analysis System). Based on our findings, we identified 16 (40%) respondents were of high or extremely high ergonomic risk. Using OWAS, we found 10 (25%) respondents were of high ergonomic risk, which needs improvement in their working position. Conclusion : We identified high ergonomic risk amongst construction workers, which we were able to identify through the Ergo-Smart application. Further test is needed, to ensure the validity of the identification. Particularly for remote and self-reported use of this application as an ergonomic risk identification strategy among workers. Keywords: ergonomic, musculoskeletal disorders, REBA, OWAS, workers