Fluorine Plasma Treatment on Carbon-based Perovskite Solar Cells for Rapid Moisture Protection Layer Formation and Performance Enhancement

A fluorine plasma-treated carbon electrode is used in HTM-free perovskite solar cells for high efficiency and moisture resistance. The fluorine-treated device with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.86% is achieved with highly enhanced FF (FF = 0.69), showing superior long-term stability and excellent moisture penetration suppression.