Topical Diclofenac-Loaded Liposomes Ameliorate Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice and Non-Human Primates
2017
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of liposomes loaded with diclofenac, a potent cyclooxygenase
(COX)-1 and COX-2 inhibitor, on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV)
in mice and non-human primates (common marmosets). CNV was induced by laser irradiation on
the unilateral or bilateral eye of each mouse or common marmoset, respectively, under anesthesia.
The CNV was visualized using fluorescence labeling with intravenous injection of fluoresceinconjugated
dextran (molecular weight = 2,000 kDa), and quantified in the retinal pigment epithelia
(RPE)–choroidal flatmounts. Diclofenac-loaded liposome or diclofenac ophthalmic solution was instillated
to the eye surface daily for 14 days and 21 days in mice and common marmosets, respectively.
In the mouse CNV model, 0.1% diclofenac-loaded liposome eye drops administered four
times a day (q.i.d.) significantly reduced CNV formation in the RPE–choroidal flatmounts compared
with those in empty liposome eye drops. Diclofenac-loaded liposome (0.1%) eye drops, administered
once a day (s.i.d.), twice a day (b.i.d.), and three times a day (t.i.d.), also reduced CNV formation
in a frequency-dependent manner. Furthermore, diclofenac-loaded liposome (0.03% and 0.1%)
eye drops administered t.i.d. reduced CNV formation in a dose-dependent manner, significantly so
at 0.1%. In the common marmoset CNV model, late hyperfluorescence and leakage by fluorescein
angiograms was observed within or beyond the lesion borders at 17 days after laser irradiation, and
diclofenac-loaded liposome eye drops (0.1% t.i.d.) tended to attenuate the late hyperfluorescence
and leakage. Diclofenac-loaded liposomes had significantly reduced CNV formation in the RPE–
choroidal flatmounts at 21 days after laser irradiation. In conclusion, diclofenac-loaded liposome eye
drops enhance penetration to the RPE–choroid, and reduce the CNV formation. These results suggest
that a drug-loaded liposome is a useful tool for drug delivery into the posterior segment of the eye.
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