When a Patch is Not Enough - HardFails: Software-Exploitable Hardware Bugs

Modern computer systems are becoming faster, more efficient, and increasingly interconnected with each generation. Consequently, these platforms also grow more complex, with continuously new features introducing the possibility of new bugs. Hence, the semiconductor industry employs a combination of different verification techniques to ensure the security of System-on-Chip (SoC) designs during the development life cycle. However, a growing number of increasingly sophisticated attacks are starting to leverage cross-layer bugs by exploiting subtle interactions between hardware and software, as recently demonstrated through a series of real-world exploits with significant security impact that affected all major hardware vendors.