Primary Iliopsoas Abscess in a Neonate

: Iliopsoas abscess (IPA) is rare in children but exceptional in neonates. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported in literature. We present a case of 11-day neonate who was brought with left inguinal swelling along with significantly raised white cell count and positive C-reactive protein (CRP). Ultrasound and CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of IPA. Drainage of abscess was done by open method through extraperitoneal approach. Systemic antibiotics, according to culture and sensitivity, were given and the neonate recovered well and was sent home. IPA can be primary or secondary. Primary IPA is more common in neonates unlike adults, who have secondary IPA in majority of the cases. Primary IPA spreads by hematogenous route from distant occult source in the body. Staphylococcus aureus is the causative organism in most cases of primary IPA. Septic arthritis of hip joint is among important differentials. Ultrasound and CT scan are helpful in diagnosis in the presence of raised white cell count and positive CRP. Drainage of pus by open method and through extraperitoneal approach is preferred method although ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage has also been done with successful outcome. In conclusion, neonatal IPA is extremely rare entity and can easily be overlooked. High index of suspicion is required for its diagnosis in cases where a neonate presents with groin swelling, limited or painful motion of leg and fever.