Efecto anticancerígeno del almidón modificado de banano (Musa cavendish AAA) en ratas con 1,2-dimetilhidrazina

espanolIntroduccion: el almidon resistente (AR) no se digiere completamente en el intestino humano sino que se fermenta en colon; disminuye el pH intestinal, ya que se producen acidos grasos de cadena corta, interviniendo de manera benefica en el tratamiento preventivo y curativo del cancer de colon rectal. La pirodextrinizacion y la hidrolisis enzimatica son modificaciones al almidon nativo (AN) que pueden incrementar la cantidad de AR. Objetivo: el objetivo de este proyecto fue evaluar los efectos del almidon nativo de M. cavendish AAA y de los almidones modificados quimica y enzimaticamente sobre diversos marcadores tumorales en ratas. Metodos: se realizaron modificaciones (quimica y enzimatica) del AN del banano M. cavendish AAA y se evaluaron en ratas tratadas con 1,2-DMH. Se utilizaron 25 ratas Sprague Dawley machos divididas en cinco grupos experimentales: CP, CN, AN, PI y MER. Durante 4 semanas recibieron la dieta experimental asignada a cada grupo. Los grupos CP, AN, PI y MER recibieron 2 inyecciones s.c. (subcutaneas) semanales de 1,2-DMH (40 mg/kg) (semanas 3 y 4). En las heces se evaluaron el pH, la enzima β-glucuronidasa y los acidos grasos de cadena corta, y se realizo un estudio histopatologico del ciego y el colon para detectar lesiones microscopicas. Resultados: la actividad de β-glucuronidasa disminuyo (p EnglishIntroduction: resistant starch (RS) is not completely digested in the human intestine but is fermented in the colon; intestinal pH decreases as short-chain fatty acids are produced. This is beneficial for health, and for preventing and treating rectal colon cancer. Pyrodextrinization and enzymatic hydrolysis are modifications to native starch (NS) that may increase the amount of RS. Objective: the objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of M. cavendish AAA native and both chemically and enzymatically modified starches on tumor markers in rats. Methods: modifications (chemical and enzymatic) were made to M. cavendish AAA NS, and were evaluated in rats with 1,2-DMH. Male Sprague Dawley rats (25) were used, divided into five experimental groups: PC, NC, NS, PI, and ERM. During 4 weeks they received the experimental diet assigned to each group. The PC, NS, PI and ERM groups received 2 weekly s.c. (subcutaneous) injections of 1,2-DMH (40 mg/kg) (third and fourth week). In feces, pH, β-glucuronidase enzyme, and short-chain fatty acids were evaluated, and a histopathological study was performed of the intestine to detect microscopic lesions. Results: the activity of β-glucuronidase decreased (p