Preparation and enhanced photocatalytic activity of carbon nitride/titania(001 vs 101 facets)/reduced graphene oxide (g-C3N4/TiO2/rGO) hybrids under visible light

Abstract Herein, a novel photocatalyst, anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles with both exposed (101) and (001) facets synchronously incorporated with g-C 3 N 4 and graphene, was successfully prepared via a simple one-step solvothermal route. The morphology and structure of as-prepared composites were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N 2 adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS). Efficiency of the prepared samples was investigated by monitoring the degradation of Methyl Orange (MO), Rhodamine B (RhB) and phenol under visible light irradiation. Improved photocatalytic activity in g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 /rGO is observed owing to higher specific surface area and enhanced visible light absorption capability. Most importantly, the in situ g-C 3 N 4 and rGO doping might enhance the interaction among g-C 3 N 4 , TiO 2 (001 vs 101) and rGO, which generates more synergistic heteroconjunctions in g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 /rGO facilitating a fast electron transfer at the interface among them. This synergistic approach could prove useful for the design and development of other visible light active photocatalysts with high chemical stability.