Bone turnover markers and novel biomarkers in lung cancer bone metastases

AbstractContext: Lung cancer still remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Bone is one of preferred metastatic sites for lung cancer cells. So far, both accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of lung cancer bone metastases are difficult.Objective: This review aimed to evaluate roles of bone turnover markers (BTMs), microRNAs (miRNAs), dickkopf1 (DKK1) and insulin like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in lung cancer bone metastases.Methods: We searched articles about these four biomarkers in lung cancer bone metastases mainly in PubMed.Result: The levels of bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP) and N-terminal telopeptides of type-I collagen (NTX) were reported to be significantly increased in lung cancer patients with bone metastases. ALP, NTX and bone sialoprotein were thought to be associated with prognosis of lung cancer patients with bone metastases. MiRNA-335, miRNA-33a, miRNA-21, DKK1 and IG...