Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Toxicity, Applications, and Future Prospects

: The ever-increasing resistance of pathogens towards antibiotics and crop disease due to pest has caused serious health problems in recent years. Therefore, there is need of powerful and protective materials for the eradication of diseases. Off course, metal/metal oxide nanoparticles are powerful agents due to their fore combating microbial infections. In this context, the present review article discusses the toxicity, fate, effects and applications of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (M/MO NPs). This is review starts with an introduction, followed by toxicity aspects, antibacterial, and testing methods and mechanisms. In addition, discussion on the impact of different M/MO NPs and their characteristics such as size, shape, particle dissolution on their induced toxicity on food and plants as well as their applications in pesticides. Finally, our prospective on current and future issues and applications is presented.