Estimation of Cardiometabolic Risk Prediction Profile Without Known Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases in a Southern Gujarat Population

The prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs) is increasing all around the world especially in India. The CMDs are a cluster of abnormalities linked to insulin resistance and high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To estimate cardiometabolic risk prediction profile without known CVDs and metabolic disorders in a southern Gujarat population, a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the rural areas of south Gujarat for 6 months. Undiagnosed subjects with age 20–80 years were included in the study, and the information regarding anthropometric measurements, sociodemographic details, socioeconomic status, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose was collected to estimate cardiometabolic risk using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and WHO CVDs risk chart. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess cardiometabolic risk factors. For diabetes risk, amongst 200 respondents, 103 (51.5%) subjects were having moderate risk followed by 61 (30.5%) and 36 (18%) having high and low risk respectively. For CVD risk, as per SBP vs. BMI, the majority of the subjects (151, 75.5%) were found with low risk followed by moderate risk (33, 16.5%) and high risk (16, 8%) whereas for CVD risk, as per SBP vs. blood glucose, the highest number of subjects was found with low risk (172, 86%), followed by moderate risk (16, 8%) and high risk (12, 6%). Our study suggests that the IDRS and WHO CVD prediction charts are a convenient and affordable screening tool for the assessment of diabetes and CVD mortality risk, respectively, in the settings where limited resources are available.