Prevalence of tuberculosis among mentally ill patients in conflict-stricken Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objectives Tuberculosis (TB) and mental illness share underlying factors such as poverty, malnutrition, and stress. This study’s objective was to determine the prevalence of TB among mentally ill patients in Afghanistan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in five public one private health facility. All patients in those centers were screened for TB, and the diagnosis of TB was made with GeneXpert or made clinically by a physician. Results Out of 8,598 patients registered, 8,324 (96.8%) were reached and 8,073 (93.9%) were screened for TB, of whom 1,703 (21.1%) were found to be presumptive TB patients. A total of 275 (16.7%) were diagnosed with all forms of TB, of whom 90.5% were women. Eighty-eight (32%) of them were bacteriologically confirmed and 187 (68%) were clinically diagnosed. The number needed to screen(NNS) was 29.3 and the number needed to test(NNT)was 6.1. The overall prevalence of TB among mentally ill patients was 3,567/100,000—20 times higher than the national incidence rate. TB was independently associated with married and widowed adults, young adults, females, and oral sleep drug users. Conclusions TB among mentally ill patients is very high, and we recommend that TB care and prevention services be integrated into mental health centers.