Evidence-based pancreatology: what do we know about chronic pancreatitis by 2020?

The article reveals the achievements of modern pancreatology in the field of pathogenesis, dynamics of development and treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Data of genetic studies describing the most diverse genetic mutations predisposing to the appearance of CP are considered. Genetic mutations causing not only СP, but also pancreatic cancer are analyzed. Risk factors of autoimmune pancreatitis development are mentioned; features of accompanying kidney affection are described. СP conceptual model including the phase of early СP is presented. The provisions of the International Consensus on Early CP are given, the criteria for diagnosing this stage of СP using both clinical/functional criteria and visualizing research methods are listed. Pathophysiological features of pancreatic fibrogenesis are considered. The results of studies describing the peculiarities of the appearance of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), the feasibility of determining fecal elastase-1 as a screening of EPI are analyzed. Peculiarities of EPI occurrence in osteopenia, cardiovascular disease are considered. The nuances of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) in the pancreatic steatosis, obesity are described, as well as its impact on the quality of life of patients with CP and EPI. Advantages of using the enteric-coated minimicrospheres and possibility of controlling the clinical manifestations of EPI, increasing body weight, improving quality of life and its duration of PERT are listed. Optimal doses of enzyme preparations during PERT are considered, results of randomized studies proving the efficacy of minimicrospherical preparations are given.