Fungal laryngotracheobronchitis in an immunocompromised child: A case of atypical croup

Abstract Fungal laryngotracheobronchitis due to Curvularia species is rare. We present a case of an immunocompromised 8-year old girl who developed symptoms of croup. Microlaryngobronchoscopy showed white plaques and ulceration of the subglottis; and fungal deposits along the tracheobronchial tree. Subglottic ulcer biopsies showed presence of fungal organisms. Bronchial tissue cultures yielded Curvularia species. She was treated with a course of intravenous amphotericin B followed by oral voriconazole and intravenous caspofungin. Despite aggressive antifungal therapy, she eventually passed away from overwhelming sepsis.