Brush Model for Steady-State, Side Slip of Tires on an Icy Road

This article reports on a study of the steady-state, side-slip characteristics of automobile tires on icy roads. The authors studied the friction mechanism between the tire rubber and the icy surface, analyzing the heat conduction for the different regions of the contact surface. They propose a friction model for the contact of rubber and icy surface and validate this model with test data from a high-speed friction test bench. Then, using the friction model and the tire side-slip characteristics, the authors developed a bruch model for the steady-state side-slip of the tire on icy roads. The model included the effects of the ice temperature, tire load, and vehicle speed on the lateral force and the aligning moment of the tire. The results demonstrate that the steady-state side-slip characteristics of the tire on the icy road are different from those on ordinary dry roads.