Nitrogen-Incorporated Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Electrodes for Dopamine Determination

In this paper, nitrogen incorporated ultrananocrystalline diamond (NUNCD) films were fabricated for use as electrodes to detect dopamine. The NUNCD electrodes achieved high sensitivity, great selectivity, and excellent detection limits for dopamine sensing. The NUNCD electrode, fabricated as a potential sensitive biosensor for dopamine without any catalyst or mediators, demonstrated good activity for the direct detection of dopamine by simply putting the bare NUNCD electrode into a dopamine solution. Furthermore, the marked selectivity of the NUNCD electrode is very favorable for the determination of dopamine (DA) concentration (0.32 μM) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). Considering dopamine detection in real biological fluid samples, the NUNCD electrode performed excellently with a detection limit of 0.39 μM and a high recovery ranging from 90-120%, revealing that NUNCD electrodes have promising use in the sensing of dopamine.