Sleep assessment by patients and nurses in the intensive care: An exploratory descriptive study

Abstract Background Sleep disruption is common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, with reports indicating reduced quality and quantity of sleep in many patients. There is growing evidence that sleep in this setting may be improved. Aim To describe ICU patients’ self-report assessment of sleep, examine the relationship between patients’ self-reported sleep and their reported sleep by the bedside nurse, and describe the strategies suggested by patients to promote sleep. Methods An exploratory descriptive study was undertaken with communicative adult patients consecutively recruited in 2014–2015. Patients reported sleep using the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (score range 0–100 mm; higher score indicates better sleep quality), with nursing assessment of sleep documented across a five level ordinal variable. Patients were asked daily to describe strategies that helped or hindered their sleep. Ethical approval for the study was gained. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed [median (interquartile range)]; relationships were tested using Spearman's rank correlation and differences assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test; p Results Participants ( n  = 151) were recruited [age: 60 (46–71) years; ICU length of stay 4 (2–9) days] with 356 self-reports of sleep. Median perceived sleep quality was 46 (26–65) mm. A moderate relationship existed between patients’ self-assessment and nurses’ assessment of sleep (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient 0.39–0.50; p Conclusion Patients reported on their sleep a median of 2 (1–3) days during their ICU stay, suggesting that routine use of self-report was feasible. These reports revealed low sleep quality. Patients reported multiple facilitators and barriers for sleep, with environmental and patient comfort factors being most common. Interventions that target these factors to improve patient sleep should be implemented.