Effect of reducing dietary advanced glycation end products on obesity-associated complications: a systematic review

CONTEXT: Consumption of dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and other chronic conditions commonly associated with obesity. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of dietary AGEs on complications associated with obesity. DATA SOURCES: This systematic review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched, using the terms "advanced glycation end products," "overweight," and "obesity." The last search was performed in October 2018. DATA EXTRACTION: Six studies that evaluated the effects of low-AGE and high-AGE diets were included in the review. The duration of the studies ranged from 1 day to 12 weeks. A comparison of all the compiled data was conducted by the authors. DATA ANALYSIS: Circulating and urinary AGE markers, besides soluble receptor for AGEs, were considered as the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic, inflammatory, glycemic, anthropometric, and renal markers. CONCLUSIONS: AGE-RAGE interactions can activate the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling pathway and inhibit the PI3K-AKT pathway in adipocytes, which may explain their association with chronic diseases. This interaction can be considered as a novel explanation for the pathogenesis of obesity. AGEs can also be used as a biomarker for monitoring responses to dietary interventions in overweight and obese people. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018082745.