Case-control study of early life-related risk factors associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in children

Objective To investigate the affecting factors of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment measures in the future. Methods A case-control study was carried out among 106 children diagnosed with T1DM in a hospital in Shenyang. At the same time, 106 healthy children were selected as the control group by 1:1 matching of age, gender and living area. The early life-related factors that may affect the development of T1DM in two groups were investigated by questionnaire. Results The average age of diagnosis in 106 cases with T1DM was (8.02±3.49) years, girls accounted for 60.4% and boys 39.6%. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that high family socioeconomic status and higher education of fathers were associated with lower odds of development of T1DM. Family member smoking ( OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.19-5.29), family history of diabetes ( OR = 2.56, 95%CI = 1.18-5.55), maternal obesity ( OR = 5.42, 95% CI =2.49-11.83) and infection during pregnancy ( OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.04-11.46) were associated with higher risk of T1DM ( P <0.05). Conclusion The occurrence of T1DM in children is affected by many factors including heredity, maternal health during pregnancy and family economy, highlighting the importance of early life prevention of T1DM. 【摘要】 目的 探讨儿童 1 型糖尿病 (T1DM) 发生的影响因素,为有针对性采取防治措施提供参考。 方法 采用病例对 照研究,选取沈阳市某医院 106 例确诊为 T1DM 的患儿为病例组,同期按照年龄、性别、居住地区 1:1 匹配的原则,选取 106 名健康儿童作为对照组,对两组生命早期可能影响 T1DM 发生发展的因素进行问卷调査。 结果 106例 T1DM 患儿平均 确诊年龄为（ 8.02±3.49)岁；女童占 60.4%,男童占 39.6%。多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示,家庭经济好、父亲文化程度髙与 T1DM 的发生呈负相关；而家庭成员吸烟（ OR = 2.51,95% CI = 1.19 ~ 5.29)、有糖尿病家族史（ OR = 2.56, 95% CI =1.18~ 5.55)、母亲肥胖( OR = 5.42, 95% CI = 2.49~ 11.83)和孕期感染（ OR =3.45, 95% CI =1.04~ 11.46)与 T1DM 发生呈正相关（ P 值均<0.05)。 结论 儿童 T1DM 的发生受遗传、母孕期健康及家庭经济等多因素的影响,从生命早期开始预防儿童 T1DM 的发生具有重要意义。