Urinary ascites and anuria caused by bilateral fungal balls in a premature infant

A case is reported of anuria and urinary ascites secondary to bilateral ureteropelvic obstruction by fungal balls. Management consisted of bilateral nephrostomy drainage with local irrigation with amphotericin B, and systemic antifungal treatment without surgery. Aspiration by paracentesis was performed for the urinary ascites and continuous drainage through an 8 Fr pig tail catheter for the urinoma. The literature on renal fungus balls in neonates and infants is reviewed.