The Chiral Phase Transition in 3-flavor QCD from Lattice QCD.

We analyze the pseudo-critical behavior of 3-flavor QCD using highly improved staggered quarks (HISQ) on lattices with temporal extent $N_\tau =8$ and for quark masses corresponding to a pseudoscalar Goldstone mass in the range $80 ~ {\rm MeV} ~ \lesssim ~ m_\pi ~ \lesssim ~ 140 ~ {\rm MeV}$. Our findings are consistent with the occurrence of a second order chiral phase transition at vanishing values of the quark masses. The chiral phase transition temperature at this finite value of the lattice spacing is determined to be $T_c = 98_{-6}^{+3}~{\rm MeV}$. A comparison with a corresponding analysis performed in (2+1)-flavor QCD suggests that the continuum limit extrapolated chiral phase transition temperature in 3-flavor QCD will turn out to be below $90 ~ {\rm MeV}$.