Current evidence and use of physical activity in the treatment of mental illness: A literature review Literaturübersicht zur Sport- und bewegungstherapie in der behandlung von psychischen Erkrankungen

There is currently considerable literature that discussing the use of physical sporting activity in the treatment of mental illness. The discussion in the literature goes back to as early as 1979, when a trial was conducted by Greist et al. examining the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in patients diagnosed with depression. They found promising initial results and called for more robust studies to replicate the positive findings. ››Since then, there have been several studies published that have looked at different exercise regimes and their utility in different mental illnesses and in special populations. There has also been further research aimed at identifying possible mechanisms for the therapeutic effect of exercise on mental health symptoms. More recently, we have also seen physical exercise being incorporated both locally and internationally into standard practice and guidelines in health institutions for the treatment of mental illness. ››This article will explore the results of a literature review conducted in March 2016. The discussion will be divided into 3 parts: (i) Proposed mechanisms for the therapeutic effect of physical activity, (ii) Current use of physical activity in the treatment mental illness and (iii) Limitations. ››It is concluded that the practice of utilizing physical activity to treat mental illness is growing and has been incorporated into some national guidelines. There is still need for higher quality evidence and optimization of treatment parameters.