Test of lepton universality with $B^{0} \rightarrow K^{*0}\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ decays

CERN-LHC. A test of lepton universality, performed by measuring the ratio of the branching fractions of the $B^{0} \rightarrow K^{*0}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ and $B^{0} \rightarrow K^{*0}e^{+}e^{-}$ decays, $R_{K^{*0}}$, is presented. The $K^* 892^{0}$ meson is reconstructed in the final state $K^{+}\pi^{-}$, which is required to have an invariant mass within $100\mathrm{\,MeV/}c^2$ of the known $K^{*}(892)^{0}$ mass. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about $3\mathrm{\,fb}^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $7$ and $8\mathrm{\,TeV}$. The ratio is measured in two regions of the dilepton invariant mass squared, $q^{2}$, to be $$R_{K^{*0}} = \begin{cases} 0.66~^{+~0.11}_{-~0.07}\mathrm{\,(stat)} \pm 0.03\mathrm{\,(syst)} &\textrm{for } 0.045 < q^{2} < 1.1~\mathrm{\,GeV^2/}c^4, \\ 0.69~^{+~0.11}_{-~0.07}\mathrm{\,(stat)} \pm 0.05\mathrm{\,(syst)} & \textrm{for } 1.1\phantom{00} < q^{2} < 6.0~\mathrm{\,GeV^2/}c^4 . \end{cases}$$ The corresponding 95.4% confidence level intervals are [0.52, 0.89] and [0.53, 0.94]. The results, which represent the most precise measurements of $R_{K^{*0}}$ to date, are compatible with the Standard Model expectations at the level of 2.1-2.3 and 2.4-2.5 standard deviations in the two $q^{2}$ regions, respectively. This record presents the combined distributions of the $R_{K^{*0}}$ delta log-likelihood (for the three electron trigger categories detailed in the paper) in the two regions of dilepton invariant mass squared.