Effect of concomitant antiplatelet therapy on ischemic and hemorrhagic events in patients taking oral anticoagulants for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in daily clinical practice.

Purpose Antiplatelet therapy (APT) is challenging in patients taking oral anticoagulants (OACs) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) with concomitant atherosclerotic diseases. We scrutinized the generalizability of recent randomized clinical trials showing OAC use alone was superior to OAC plus antiplatelet use in patients with NVAF and coronary artery diseases (CAD). Methods We conducted a historical multicenter registry at 71 centers in Japan. The inclusion criterion was taking OACs for NVAF. The exclusion criteria were mechanical heart valves or history of pulmonary thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis. Consecutive patients (N = 7826) were registered in February 2013 and were followed until February 2017. The co-primary endpoints were ischemic events and major bleedings. Secondary endpoints were ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and all-cause mortality. Results The mean patient age was 73 years; 67% were men. Antiplatelets were administered in 25% of patients and 27% had history of CAD. Cumulative incidences of ischemic events and major bleedings at 4 years were 5.9% and 9.6% in the APT group and 5.3% and 7.0% in the No-APT group, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of the APT group for ischemic events and major bleedings were 1.12 (0.84-1.49) and 1.27 (1.02-1.59), respectively. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and all-cause mortality were 1.16 (0.86-1.57), and 1.32 (0.70-2.50), and 1.02 (0.83-1.27), respectively. Conclusions APT in patients taking OACs for NVAF did not prevent ischemic events but significantly increased major bleedings in the real-world setting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.