Risk and Triggering Factors Associated with Bronchial Asthma Among School-Going Children in an Urban City of Coastal Karnataka
2017
Introduction: Asthma is common in childhood and is a
major public health issue. The objectives of this study were
to identify risk and triggering factors associated with asthma
among school children. Material and Methods: A prospective
cross sectional study was conducted among 6-15 years old
children, over two months in two private schools at Mangalore
city. Trigger factors were assessed as per asthma trigger
inventory (ATI). Responses were graded from 0-5 score based
on ‘never’,’ rarely’, ‘sometimes’, ‘most of the time’ and ‘always’.
A predesigned questionnaire suiting the city environment was
prepared and used to assess the risk and triggering factors.
Analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Results: Asthma
and allergic rhinitis in parents (34.1%,40.7%),smoking at
home(24.2%), exclusive breast feeding absence (27.5%),early
weaning(24.2%),living in a flat (37.4%) and pets at
home(37.4%) were risk factors noted. As per ATI, it was found
that ‘having a cold’ was the most frequently selected trigger
at 94.5%(47.3% ‘sometimes’, 2.2% ‘always’), followed by
‘running’ at 79.1% (27.5% ‘sometimes’, 13.2% ‘always’), and
‘house dust’ at 69.2% (31.9% ‘sometimes’, 6.6% ‘always’). The
highest mean was for infections, (2.228, SD=0.546), followed
by physical exercise (2.167, SD=0.331). Animal allergens had
lowest mean (1.527, SD=0.104), followed by psychological
triggers at second lowest (1.579, SD=0.181). However none
of the risk and trigger factors had statistical significance with
asthma. Conclusion: Avoiding exposure to probable triggers
and identifying risk factors would aid in planning effective
strategic measures with better quality of life.
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