Impaired glucose homeostasis in young adult thalassemic patients: a pilot study with acarbose.

This study investigated the effects of the α-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, on glycemic control and insulin secretion in thalassemic patients with impaired glucose tolerance. The safety and tolerability of the drug werealso evaluated. Nine patients (4 men and 5 women, aged 20-34 years) with β-thalassemia major received a standardized nutritional test load prior to and following 3 months treatment with acarbose 100 mg t.i.d. Blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels were measured at 0, 60, 90 and 120 min post-loading. Plasma glucose levels after 3 months of acarbose treatment tended to be slightly lower than pre-treatment levels. Although fasting serum insulin and plasma C-peptide levels were unchanged after acarbose therapy, postprandial serum levels of both hormones were markedly reduced (by 24-47% and 19-32%, respectively, at 60-120 min post-loading). Body mass index, liver enzymes and serum lipids were unaltered following acarbose treatment. Gastrointestinal disturbances were mild and tended to decrease during the course of acarbose therapy. Acarbose is a well-tolerated agent for the management of thalassemic patients with glucose intolerance and normal or increased insulin secretion. It is possible that acarbose may prevent or delay progression from impaired glucose homeostasis to frank insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.