The Molecular Signature of the Endometrial Receptivity: Research and Clinical Application

Abstract In this chapter, we will cover the basics of the human endometrial physiology, structure, and functionality, through specifically focusing on the endometrial receptivity acquisition and the molecular signature involving this process. The history related to endometrial characterization from morphological, histological, and ultrasound visualization to the molecular characterization and the omics revolution will be reviewed. Furthermore, we will summarize the literature in relation to different types of molecules, that is, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites. We will also discuss their use for research and their clinical application, with special attention to those already commercialized as diagnostic tools. Finally, we will highlight new opportunities in the field of noninvasive omics for the assessment of endometrial receptivity, by using endometrial fluid as an alternative for the disruptive biopsy procedure.