Intensive Chemotherapy for Acute Leukaemias (AL) in Childhood with BFM Protocols. Moscow Experiences 1990–1992. First Successes and Failures

The 30 years’ experience of treating children with acute leukaemias (AL) in the former Soviet Union is dramatic: the average survival of patients was not more than 10%, though in some clinics for low-risk patients better results were reached (20%–40%) [1]. It was nonprogrammed therapy and no principals of adequate supportive and maintenance treatment were used. High-risk and relapsed patients had no chances for survival.