Expression Pattern of microRNAs, miR-21, miR-155 and miR-338 in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes

Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease identified by a deficiency in the production of insulin. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are identified as important epigenetic regulators in T1D. Many studies highlight the differential expression of these small non-coding molecules in the pathogenesis of T1D. Aim of the study In the present study, the expression pattern of miR-21, miR-155 and miR-338 were analyzed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of T1D patients compared to healthy controls. Methods The expression levels of miR-21, miR-155 and miR-338 were measured in the PBMCs of 30 T1D patients and 11 healthy controls by real time PCR method. The final results were statistically analyzed and ROC curves were created for miRNAs with significant differential expression. Results Both miR-155 (p value: 0.021) and miR-21 (p value: 0.05) were upregulated in the PBMCs of T1D patients compared to healthy controls. There was no significant difference in the expression level of miR-338 between patients and controls. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis was performed for miR-21 (AUC: 0.65) and miR-155 (AUC: 0.73) which suggests the potential role of miR-155 as a biomarker in T1D patients. Using integrative computational analysis, a number of dysregulated miR155-mRNA and miR21-mRNA interactions were also suggested. Conclusion Our findings suggest the significant association between the expression levels of miR-21 and miR-155 with T1D. In addition, miR-155 (AUC: 0.73) could be considered as a possible biomarker to track disease in T1D patients.