Relation between serum levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and their immunohistochemical identification in benign and malignant gynecological disease

We studied immunohistochemical stains for TPA and CA125 in patients with benign and malignant gynecologic diseases. The results were as follows: (1) CA125 was not found in ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma but was demonstrated immunohistochemically in 82% of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas and 83% of Krukenberg's tumors. (2) TPA was demonstrated in 65% of ovarian serous and 75% of ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, and in 58% of endometrial carcinomas. (3) TPA was found in all trophoblastic tumors examined, while CA125 was found in none. Eighty-three percent of patients with trophoblastic diseases had raised serum TPA levels. (4) When serum CA125 levels were raised, CA125 was demonstrated immunohistochemically in 71% of patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas, 67% of patients with Krukenberg's tumors and 100% of patients with tubal carcinomas. (5) Despite elevated serum levels, CA125 and TPA were not identified by immunohistochemistry in 64% cases of benign ovarian disease and in 80% of patients with uterine myomata. (6) It would seem that CA125 was more easily released from tumor cells than TPA.