The opportunities and challenges for biophysical modelling of beneficial and adverse drug actions on the heart

Abstract Pharmacology is characterised by linking compound molecular properties to cellular and organ scale therapeutic and toxic outcomes. Biophysical modelling allow data from these disparate sources to be integrated and interpreted based on known physiology and physical constraints of the biological systems of interest. Here we describe the recent use of biophysical models to simulate therapeutic and adverse drug effects on the heart and how this provides a new framework for data integration and identifying drug mechanisms.