Perioperative programmed death-1 expression on CD4 + T cells predicts the incidence of postoperative infectious complications following gastrointestinal surgery

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) has been reported to be an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed by chronically stimulated T cells after T-cell activation. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between perioperative PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells and the incidence of postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery.