Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders among Elderly Diabetics and Associated Risk Factors in Indonesia

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence of mental health disorders (MHD) among elderly diabetics in Indonesia and their associated risk factors. Data were extracted from the 2018 national basic health survey, Indonesia (abbreviated as the acronym of RISKESDAS). The survey involved households randomly selected from 34 provinces, 416 districts, and 98 cities in Indonesia, with 1,017,290 respondents. The number of subjects selected in this study was 2,818 elderly diabetic subjects. MHD was determined by self-reporting assessment. Secondary data acquired from the RISKESDAS 2018 data involved age, sex, urban-rural residence status, marital status, educational level, employment status, obesity, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, family history of MHD, and duration of DM. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors related to MHD among elderly diabetics. Prevalence of MHD among elderly diabetics in Indonesia was 19.3%. Factors associated with MHD among elderly diabetics were obesity (prevalence odds ratio [POR]=4.57; 95% CI: 3.312-6.297), family history of MHD (POR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.707-3.471), lower education (POR=1.93; 95% CI: 1.464-2.533), stroke (POR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.292-2.384), hypertension (POR=1.74; 95% CI: 1.416-2.145), heart diseases (POR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.123-1.973), female (POR=1.43; 95% CI: 1.122-1.813), and urban residence (POR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.607-1.183). The prevalence of MHD among elderly diabetics in Indonesia was 19.3%, suggesting that screening for psychological problems and educating elderly diabetic patients is essential. Obesity, family history of MHD, lower education, stroke, hypertension, heart disease, female, and rural residence altogether more likely to experience MHD in elderly diabetics.