Drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract In this chapter, we review the history of tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy along with the mechanisms of action of important drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We discuss the emergence of drug resistance that eventually led to the implementation of combination therapies for TB treatment. The continued spread of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis has also necessitated the development of quick and accurate drug susceptibility testing technologies. Results from such tests enable clinicians to make important decisions regarding drug selection to achieve favorable outcomes for patients with TB. We also discuss some strategies that are currently being used to overcome challenges associated with drug resistance. In addition, we provide a brief overview of new drugs and host-directed therapies currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of TB, which strive to achieve sterilizing cures in shorter timeframes.