EXTRA VOLUME: PULMONARY HYPERTENSION CAUSED BY EXTRA-CARDIAC AND INTRA-CARDIAC SHUNTING

Pulmonary hypertension is often secondary to cardiac or pulmonary disease and may be multifactorial. Right heart catheterization offers important clues to etiology. A 39-year-old woman with uncontrolled hypertension and untreated sleep apnea was evaluated for pulmonary hypertension.