The Effects of the water nitrate on the histology and immunohistology of the liver development in NMRI Mice Fetus

Aim: Nowadays nitrate enters to the groundwater through of chemical fertilizers and fossil fuels. With entering nitrate to the body and converting into other substances it can have detrimental effects on the body and the fetus, and because nitrate passes straight through the barrier placental blood into the liver. The purposes of this study the effects of excess nitrate in drinking water on fetal liver cells of mice were studied. Material and Methods: For this purpose, the effects of the Sodium Nitrate (doses 450, 900 mg ∕ liter/day in drinking water) during pregnancy of female mice were investigated. On 17th day of pregnancy, all groups were killed via chloroform and fetal liver were fixed in 10% formalin for immunohistochemistry and histology analysis. The one–way ANOVA and SPSS software were used to determine the statistical significance of differences between the values for the experimental and control groups and also Image J software were used to cell count. Result: The results obtained showed a significant decrease in weight of pregnant mice, fetal weight, number of fetuses, and also histological changes in liver cells. According to the immunohistochemical study, seems an increase of nitrate in drinking water after entering the liver can be causes BCL2 protein changes in the fetus liver. Conclusion: excess nitrate in drinking water causes disturbances in liver development of the fetus during pregnancy.