Controlling behavior of δ-ferrite in nitrogen-containing chromium–nickel–manganese steels

This article discusses the behavior of δ-ferrite upon crystallization, solidification, and subsequent cooling of solid nitrogen-containing stainless steel of various compositions on the basis of thermodynamic simulation. The results are confirmed experimentally and can be applied for selection of the steel composition as well as its production at all stages, including hot plastic working and welding, where δ-ferrite can be useful provided that its content is controlled. These results can be applied also for selection of temperature modes of austenitization aiming at the most complete dissolution of δ-ferrite in the final metal.