Crecimiento, nutrición temprana y riesgo de diabetes y síndrome metabólico

GROWTH, EARLY CHILD NUTRTION AND RISK OF DIABETES AND METABOLIC SYNDROME SUMMARY The Metabolic Syndrome, type 1 diabetes (DM1) and type 2 diabetes (DM2) are conditions that tend to increase their incidence in the pediatric population, becoming the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Epigenetic studies allow us to understand the influence of environment on the expression of susceptibility to chronic disease. DM1 is an autoimmune condition, and there is evidence that this autoimmunity can be induced as early as the first quarter of life, nutritional factors have been implicated as modulators of this autoimmunity. DM2, in close connection with the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome has been associated with malnutrition in utero, early and rapid gain weight in children with low birth weight, early adiposity rebound and high-calorie diets. Has been granted a protective role of breastfeeding on the development of both DM1 and DM2, and early exposure to complex dietary proteins, such as those of whole cow's milk, are risk factors. The screening of DM2 in children older than 5 years with overweight and other risk factors is recommended, as well as promoting good health during pregnancy and childhood through proper diet and exercise, supporting breastfeeding.