Leadless pacemaker - state of art and incoming developments to broaden indications.

The lead-less pacemaker (LLPM) therapy has been developed in recent years to overcome the trans-venous lead and device pocket-related complications. The LLPMs now available are self-contained right ventricular pacemakers and are limited to single chamber ventricular pacing modality. This literature review deals with the current status of LLPM technology and current areas of clinical applicability. The safety and efficacy outcomes pubblished from randomized clinical trials and real world registries are analyzed and compared with historical conventional trans-venous pacemaker (TVPM) data. Furthermore, new pacing modalities and future perspectives to broaden the clinical use and cover most of pacing indications are discussed. Due to the overall safe and effective profile in the short- and intermediate-term, also in fragile patients, the LLPM use is constatly growing in daily clinical practice. Actually, it can be considered a landmark innovation, through which a new era of cardiac pacing has begun. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.