Imaging Peripheral Arterial Calcifications

Peripheral arterial calcifications are a worldwide health issue strongly associated with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary artery disease (CAD) and other several risk factors. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) requires a multimodality approach with the aim of individualizing the best possible therapeutic management for each patient. Imaging techniques allow a complete and global evaluation of vascular calcifications (VC) from different perspectives. Although Ultrasound (US) represents the first-level imaging modality, more comprehensive techniques such as Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) and Catheter Angiography (CA) are more often required.