Observation of Complex Time Structures in the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

We present high-statistics, precision measurements of the detailed time and energy dependence of the primary cosmic-ray electron flux and positron flux over 79 Bartels rotations from May 2011 to May 2017 in the energy range from 1 to 50 GeV. For the first time, the charge-sign dependent modulation during solar maximum has been investigated in detail by leptons alone. Based on $23.5 \times 10^6$ events, we report the observation of short-term structures on the timescale of months coincident in both the electron flux and the positron flux. These structures are not visible in the $e^+/e^-$ flux ratio. The precision measurements across the solar polarity reversal show that the ratio exhibits a smooth transition over $830 \pm 30$ days from one value to another. The midpoint of the transition shows an energy dependent delay relative to the reversal and changes by $260 \pm 30$ days from 1 to 6 GeV.