Double burden of malnutrition in rural and urban Guatemalan schoolchildren

2016 
espanolIntroduccion: Guatemala ha estado experimentando una transicion en sus estilos de vida. Mientras que la desnutricion cronica sigue siendo prevalente, se ha experimentado un aumento sustancial de los casos de obesidad. Objetivo: proporcionar informacion actualizada sobre las nuevas tendencias en cuanto al estado nutricional en Guatemala. Metodos: se diseno un estudio transversal con una muestra de 392 ninos y adolescentes (5-18 anos) seleccionados de manera aleatoria. El muestreo fue estratificado segun su ubicacion geografica (rural y urbana), sexo y edad. Resultados: alrededor del 62% de la muestra urbana presento problemas de sobrepeso y un 13,8 de obesidad. Entre los participantes urbanos, la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad fue mayor en el grupo de 11-14 anos. El grupo urbano presento una mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad que el grupo rural para todos los grupos de edad (excepto en el grupo de 15-18 anos que presento unos indices de obesidad ligeramente mas elevados en el grupo rural). Se observo una mayor prevalencia de retraso en el crecimiento en el grupo rural, excepto para el grupo de edad de 15-18 anos. La prevalencia de bajo peso fue significativamente mayor en el grupo rural (25% vs. 1,2%) asi como la prevalencia del delgadez, excepto para el grupo de edad de 5-10 anos. Conclusion: la alta prevalencia de bajo peso y la de sobrepeso/obesidad coexisten en los ninos y adolescentes en Guatemala. EnglishIntroduction: Guatemala has been experiencing a lifestyle transition. While chronic malnutrition remains prevalent obesity, has increased substantially. Objective: The study aimed to provide current information on nutritional status trends in Guatemala. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two different regions of Guatemala. A random sample of 392 children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years), stratified by geographical location (rural and urban), sex and age, was selected. Results: Approximately 62% of the children and adolescents in the urban sample are overweight, whilst 13.8% are obese. Amongst urban participants the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in the 5-10 year age group. In the rural sample, the prevalence of overweight was 23.8% with 1.1% obesity. The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was found in the 11-14 year age group. The urban group shows a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to any of the age categories of the rural group (except in the 15-18 year age group where obesity in the rural group is slightly higer). A significantly higher prevalence of stunting was observed in the rural group than in the urban group, except in 15-18 year age group. Underweight was significantly higher in the 5-10 year age category of the rural group (25 vs. 1.2 %). The prevalence of thinness was also significantly higher in rural areas for all age groups except the 5-10 year age group. Conclusion: A double burden of malnutrition and a high prevalence of underweight and overweight exist among children and adolescents in Guatemala.
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