Fungal Biogenesis of NPs and Their Limitations

The chapter describes different processes of the biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) mediated by various fungal organisms. In detail, the biosynthetic (molecular) mechanism has been discussed. In various fields, NPs are used, such as medicine, agriculture, biosensors, environmental treatment. NPs can be produced by conventional methods, such as physical and chemical methods, though some drawbacks are in the traditional method. Therefore, to synthesize different NPs, a relatively economical, non-hazardous, eco-friendly, and cost-effective process must be used. There are some benefits to the mycological synthesis of NPs approaches over the traditional method. Some of the fungi are reviewed here, which are used in the synthesis of NPs. It also addresses the process of fungal nanoparticle synthesis and their applications. The regulation of critical parameters such as temperature, pH, and other medium conditions broadly depends on nano synthesis. The shortcomings in various fields like medicine, agriculture, delivery of the drug, and water treatment of these fungal synthesized NPs are addressed.